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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Indian Ocean (2005)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Indian Ocean (2005)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)Indian Ocean (2005)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonIndian Ocean
Administrative divisions none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order -
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864)


15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish -
Airports 2 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups		 total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Birth rate 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million		 -
Capital Saint-Pierre -
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline 120 km 66,526 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon		 -
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) -
Death rate 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status self-governing territorial collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial collectivity of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial collectivity of France) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France -
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m		 lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) -
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council		 -
Exports $12 million f.o.b. (1999) -
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts -
Exports - partners US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions -
GDP purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Highways total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $55 million f.o.b. (1999) -
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials -
Imports - partners France 44%, Canada 40% (1999) -
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism -
Infant mortality rate 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (1991-96 average) -
International organization participation FZ, WFTU -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel -
Labor force 3,000 (1997) (1997) -
Labor force - by occupation fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages French (official) -
Legal system French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation -
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.93 years


male: 75.66 years


female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)		 -
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references North America Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French		 -
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Political parties and leaders PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 6,954 (July 2002 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.35% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors Saint Pierre Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 4,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 99% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) -
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) -
Terrain mostly barren rock surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Unemployment rate 9.8% (1997) (1997) -
Waterways none -
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